- The acquisition of a principle involves the ability to apply that principle to a variety of previously unencountered situation is NOT a declarative knowledge but intellectual skill.
- The ability to state the steps of a procedure is a declarative knowledge; the ability to execute a procedure is an intellectual skill.
- Simulations, Gizmos, Java applets are examples of E-learning applications that are effective for teaching principles.
- Examples of knowledge of principles:
- When interest rate goes down, investment goes up cetris paribus.
- When the density of an object exceeds the density of the fluid upon which it is placed, the object sinks.
- When the change in price is greater than the change of quantity, we say the demand or supply is inelastic.
- The instructional strategies for teaching principles are:
- State the principle.
- State when the principle applies.
- Present the variables/factors through illustrations and explainations.
- Make the connection between context and conditionals (if-then) through practice and feeback.
These instructional events can take the form of a simulation or java applet
- State when to use the procedure
- State the steps to complete the procedure
- Demonstrate the steps of the procedure with worked examples - showing whole-to-part or part-to-whole.
- Practice the steps - by listing the steps; executing the steps while receiving feedback
- Following statements are not a principle knowledge:
- Ecosystem: Mangrove rain forests are characterised by biotic and abiotic factors.
- State and Capitals: London is the capital of England.
- Principles can be defined as:
- t he relationships among two or more concepts.
- Procedures are also called algorithms
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